A taxonomic study of the genus Anaxagorea A. St.-Hil. in Thailand is presented, includinga key to species, descriptions for genus and species, notes on their distributional and ecological data, vernacular names and illustrations. Two species and a variety are enumerated, namely A. javanica Blume var. javanica, A. javanica var. tripetala Corner and A. luzonensis A. Gray. A lectotype for Melodorum fuscum Craib is designated here.